Holtasóleyjar

Holtasóleyjar
	; Dryas × suendermannii
Vísindaleg flokkun
Ríki:	Jurtaríki (Plantae);
Fylking:	Dulfrævingar (Magnoliophyta);
Flokkur:	Tvíkímblöðungar (Magnoliopsida);
Ættbálkur:	Rósaættbálkur (Rosales);
Ætt:	Rósaætt (Rosaceae);
Undirætt:	Dryadoideae;
Ættkvísl:	Dryas; L.
	; Útbreiðsla Holtasóleyja
Tegundir
	Sjá texta

Dryas er ættkvísl fjölærra, jarðlægra hálfrunna í rósaætt. Ættkvíslin er nefnd eftir Grísku nymph Dryad. Staðsetning Dryas ættkvíslarinnar innan Rosaceae hefur verið óljós.^[1]^[2] Ættkvíslin var áður staðsett í undirættinni Rosoideae, en er nú í Dryadoideae.^[3]

Tegundir

Dryas samanstendur af þremur tegundum, en ættkvíslin þarfnast endurskoðunar:^[4]

Dryas drummondii Richardson ex Hook.
- var. drummondii Richardson ex Hook.
- var. tomentosa (Farr) L.O. Williams
Dryas integrifolia Vahl
- subsp. chamissonis (Spreng.) Scoggan
- subsp. crenulata (Juz.) J. Kozhevn
- subsp. integrifolia Vahl
- subsp. sylvatica (Hultén) Hultén
Dryas octopetala L.—Rjúpnalauf, Holtasóley
- subsp. alaskensis (A.E. Porsild) Hultén
- subsp. hookeriana (Juz.) Hultén
- subsp. octopetala L.
  - var. angustifolia C.L. Hitchc.
  - var. argentea Blytt
  - var. kamtschatica (Juz.) Hultén
  - var. octopetala L.
- subsp. punctata (Juz.) Hultén

Blendingar

Tveir blendingar hafa verið staðfestir:

Dryas × suendermannii Kellerer ex Sundermann—(D. drummondii × D. octopetala)
Dryas × wyssiana Beauverd—(D. drummondii × D. integrifolia)

Niturbinding

Sumar tegundir Dryas plantna hafa rótarhnýði sem hýsa niturbindandi bakteríur af ættkvíslinniFrankia.^[5]

Dryas drummondii myndar rótarhnýði og bindur nitur með Frankia.^[6]^[7]
Dryas integrifolia myndar ekki rótarhnýði og bindur ekki nitur.^[8]^[9]^[10]
Dryas octopetala myndar ekki rótarhnýði og bindur ekki nitur.^[8]
Dryas × suendermannii (D. drummondii × D. octopetala) myndar ekki rótarhnýði og bindur ekki nitur.^[11]

Tilvísanir

↑ Morgan DR, Soltis DE, Robertson KR. (1994). „Systematic and evolutionary implications of rbcL sequence variation in Rosaceae“. Am J Bot. 81 (7): 890–903. JSTOR 2445770..
↑ Eriksson, Torsten; og fleiri (2003), „The Phylogeny of Rosoideae (Rosaceae) Based on Sequences of the Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA and the trnL/F Region of Chloroplast DNA“ (PDF), International Journal of Plant Sciences, 164 (2): 197, doi:10.1086/346163
↑ Potter D, Eriksson T, Evans RC, Oh S, Smedmark JEE, Morgan DR, Kerr M, Robertson KR, Arsenault M, Dickinson TA, Campbell CS. (2007). „Phylogeny and classification of Rosaceae“. Plant Systematics and Evolution. 266 (1–2): 5–43. doi:10.1007/s00606-007-0539-9..
↑ Skrede I, Eidesen PB, Piñeiro Portela R, Brochmann C. (2006). „Refugia, differentiation and postglacial migration in arctic-alpine Eurasia, exemplified by the mountain avens (Dryas octopetala L.)“. Molecular Ecology. 15 (7): 1827–1840. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.02908.x.
↑ Swensen SM, Mullin BC. (1997). „The impact of molecular systematics on hypotheses for the evolution of root nodule symbioses and implications for expanding symbioses to new host plant genera“. Plant and Soil. 194: 185–192. doi:10.1023/A:1004240004063. JSTOR 42948119..
↑ Becking JH. (1984). „Identification of the endophypte of Dryas and Rubus (Rosaceae)“. Plant and Soil. 78 (1–2): 105–128. JSTOR 42934565.
↑ Kohls SJ, Baker DD, van Kessel C, Dawson JO. (2004). „An assessment of soil enrichment by actinorhizal N₂ fixation using δ¹⁵N values in a chronosequence of deglaciation at Glacier Bay, Alaska“. Plant and Soil. 254 (1): 11–17. doi:10.1023/A:1024950913234.
↑ ^8,0 ^8,1 Kohls SJ, van Kessel C, Baker DD, Grigal DF, Lawrence DB. (1994). „Assessment of N₂ fixation and N cycling by Dryas along a chronosequence within the forelands of the Athabasca Glacier, Canada“. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 26 (5): 623–632. doi:10.1016/0038-0717(94)90251-8.
↑ Deslippe JR, Egger KN. (2006). „Molecular diversity of nifH genes from bacteria associated with high arctic dwarf shrubs“. Microbial Ecology. 51 (4): 516–25. doi:10.1007/s00248-006-9070-8. PMID 16649061.
↑ Markham JH. (2009). „Does Dryas integrifolia fix nitrogen?“. Botany. 87 (11): 1106–1109. doi:10.1139/B09-071.
↑ (Reported as Dryas drummondii var. eglandulosa.) Kohls SJ, Thimmapuram J, Buschena CA, Paschke MW, Dawson JO. (1994). „Nodulation patterns of actinorhizal plants in the family Rosaceae“. Plant and Soil. 162 (2): 229–239. doi:10.1007/BF01347710. JSTOR 42939545.

Ytri tenglar

Germplasm Resources Information Network: Dryas Geymt 24 september 2015 í Wayback Machine
Huxley, A. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan [D. × suendermannii].

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[1] Morgan DR, Soltis DE, Robertson KR. (1994). „Systematic and evolutionary implications of rbcL sequence variation in Rosaceae“. Am J Bot. 81 (7): 890–903. JSTOR 2445770..

[2] Eriksson, Torsten; og fleiri (2003), „The Phylogeny of Rosoideae (Rosaceae) Based on Sequences of the Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA and the trnL/F Region of Chloroplast DNA“ (PDF), International Journal of Plant Sciences, 164 (2): 197, doi:10.1086/346163

[3] Potter D, Eriksson T, Evans RC, Oh S, Smedmark JEE, Morgan DR, Kerr M, Robertson KR, Arsenault M, Dickinson TA, Campbell CS. (2007). „Phylogeny and classification of Rosaceae“. Plant Systematics and Evolution. 266 (1–2): 5–43. doi:10.1007/s00606-007-0539-9..

[4] Skrede I, Eidesen PB, Piñeiro Portela R, Brochmann C. (2006). „Refugia, differentiation and postglacial migration in arctic-alpine Eurasia, exemplified by the mountain avens (Dryas octopetala L.)“. Molecular Ecology. 15 (7): 1827–1840. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.02908.x.

[5] Swensen SM, Mullin BC. (1997). „The impact of molecular systematics on hypotheses for the evolution of root nodule symbioses and implications for expanding symbioses to new host plant genera“. Plant and Soil. 194: 185–192. doi:10.1023/A:1004240004063. JSTOR 42948119..

[6] Becking JH. (1984). „Identification of the endophypte of Dryas and Rubus (Rosaceae)“. Plant and Soil. 78 (1–2): 105–128. JSTOR 42934565.

[7] Kohls SJ, Baker DD, van Kessel C, Dawson JO. (2004). „An assessment of soil enrichment by actinorhizal N₂ fixation using δ¹⁵N values in a chronosequence of deglaciation at Glacier Bay, Alaska“. Plant and Soil. 254 (1): 11–17. doi:10.1023/A:1024950913234.

[Kohls1-8] 8,0 ^8,1 Kohls SJ, van Kessel C, Baker DD, Grigal DF, Lawrence DB. (1994). „Assessment of N₂ fixation and N cycling by Dryas along a chronosequence within the forelands of the Athabasca Glacier, Canada“. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 26 (5): 623–632. doi:10.1016/0038-0717(94)90251-8.

[9] Deslippe JR, Egger KN. (2006). „Molecular diversity of nifH genes from bacteria associated with high arctic dwarf shrubs“. Microbial Ecology. 51 (4): 516–25. doi:10.1007/s00248-006-9070-8. PMID 16649061.

[10] Markham JH. (2009). „Does Dryas integrifolia fix nitrogen?“. Botany. 87 (11): 1106–1109. doi:10.1139/B09-071.

[11] (Reported as Dryas drummondii var. eglandulosa.) Kohls SJ, Thimmapuram J, Buschena CA, Paschke MW, Dawson JO. (1994). „Nodulation patterns of actinorhizal plants in the family Rosaceae“. Plant and Soil. 162 (2): 229–239. doi:10.1007/BF01347710. JSTOR 42939545.

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