„Borgarastríðið í El Salvador“: Munur á milli breytinga
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{{Infobox military conflict
|conflict=Borgarastríðið í El Salvador
|partof=the [[Mið-Ameríkukreppan|Mið-Ameríkukreppunni]] og [[Kalda stríðið|kalda stríðinu]]
|image= Guerracivilsv.png
|caption= {{small|Réttsælis: Skæruliðaherbúðir í Morazán-héraði árið 1983; ríkishermenn El Salvador; [[Ronald Reagan]] og [[José Napoléon Duarte]] árið 1985; allsherjaráhlaupið 1981; skæruliðar í Perquín, Morazán árið 1990.}}
|date= 9. maí 1979 – 16. janúar 1992
|result= Chapultepec-friðarsáttmálarnir 1992
* Ríkisher El Salvador endurskipulagður
* Herlögreglan lögð niður og borgaralegar lögreglusveitir stofnaðar í hennar stað; þjóðvarðliðið og fjárhirslulögreglan leyst upp.
* Skæruliðasveitir FMLN leystar upp og FMLN verður löglegur stjórnmálaflokkur.
|combatant1= {{SLV}} '''Herforingjastjórn El Salvador'''<br/>
* Dauðasveitir hersins
* Erlendir málaliðar<ref name="McClintock_1985">{{cite book |author=Michael McClintock |title=''The American connection: state terror and popular resistance in El Salvador'' |publisher=Zed Books |location=London|pages=388 |isbn=0862322405 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QO5qAAAAMAAJ|year=1985 }}</ref>
'''Stuðningsaðilar:'''<br/>
{{USA}} [[Bandaríkin]]<ref name="Uppsala">{{citation |series=[[Uppsala Conflict Data Program]] Conflict Encyclopedia|publisher=[[Uppsala University]] |location=[[Uppsala]], [[Sweden]] |quote=US government increased the security support to prevent a similar thing to happen in El Salvador. This was, not least, demonstrated in the delivery of security aid to El Salvador |title=El Salvador, In Depth, Negotiating a settlement to the conflict}}</ref><br/>{{GMA}} [[Gvatemala]]<br/>{{CHL}} [[Síle]]<ref name="Kornbluh_2013">{{cite book | title= The Pinochet File: A Declassified Dossier on Atrocity and Accountability | author= Peter Kornbluh | publisher= [[The New Press]] | location= New York | date= September 11, 2003 | pages= [https://archive.org/details/pinochetfiledecl0000korn/page/587 587] | isbn= 1-56584-586-2 | author-link= Peter Kornbluh | url= https://archive.org/details/pinochetfiledecl0000korn/page/587 }} See [[The Pinochet File]]</ref><br/>{{ARG}} [[Argentína]] <small>(1979–1986)</small><ref>{{cite book|last1=Armony|first1=Ariel C.|title=Argentina, the United States, and the Anti-communist Crusade in Central America, 1977-1984|date=1997|publisher=Ohio University Center for International Studies|isbn=0-89680-196-9|pages=84–88}}</ref><br/>{{ISR}} [[Ísrael]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Hunter|first=Jane|title=Israeli foreign policy: South Africa and Central America|url=https://archive.org/details/pdfy-SHJFNtzFTutJVd8R|year=1987|location=Part II: Israel and Central America - Guatemala|pages=[https://archive.org/details/pdfy-SHJFNtzFTutJVd8R/page/n61 111]–137}}</ref><br/>{{TWN}} [[Taívan]]<ref>Schirmer, 1996; pg 172</ref>
|combatant2=[[Mynd:Farabundo_Martí_National_Liberation_Front_former_flag.svg|15px]] '''[[Þjóðfrelsisfylking Farabundo Martí|FMLN]]''' ([[Coordinadora Revolucionaria de Masas|CRM]])
*[[Frente Democrático Revolucionario|FDR]]
*[[Mynd:The flag of the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí (FPL).svg|15px]] [[Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí|FPL]]
*[[Mynd:The flag of the Resistencia Nacional (RN).svg|15px]] [[Fuerzas Armadas de la Resistencia Nacional|RN]] ([[Unified Popular Action Front|FAPU]])
*[[Byltingarflokkur mið-amerísks verkafólks – El Salvador|PRTC]] ([[People's Liberation Movement (El Salvador)|MLP]])
*[[Kommúnistaflokkur El Salvador|PCS]]
'''Stuðningsaðilar''':<br>{{CUB}} [[Kúba]]<ref name="Inevitable Revolutions: The United States in Central America">[https://books.google.com/books?id=RqMp5TsWCqkC&pg=PA354&dq=Despite+nearly+$3+billion+of+overall+U.S.+aid+in+the+1980s+%28or+about+$800,000+each+day+of+the+entire+decade%29,+per-capita+income+dropped+by+one-third.&hl=en&sa=X&ei=avSdUOuJLIjO9ASryYDIDw&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false "Inevitable Revolutions: The United States in Central America"] By Walter Lafeber, 1993</ref><ref>The Giant's Rival: The USSR and Latin America, Revised Edition, 1988. Page 143.</ref><br/>{{NIC}} [[Níkaragva]]<ref>The Kashmir Question: Retrospect and Prospect, 2013. Page 121.</ref> <small>(1979–1990)</small></small><ref>https://library.brown.edu/create/modernlatinamerica/wp-content/uploads/sites/42/2013/08/Special-Report-on-Communist-Interference-in-El-Salvador.pdf</ref>
|commander1={{SLV}} [[Roberto D'Aubuisson]]<br/>{{SLV}} [[Álvaro Magaña]]<br/>{{SLV}} [[José Guillermo García]]<br/>{{SLV}} [[José Napoleón Duarte]]<br/>{{SLV}} [[Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova]]<br/>{{SLV}} [[Alfredo Cristiani]]
|commander2=[[Mynd:Farabundo_Martí_National_Liberation_Front_former_flag.svg|15px]] [[Schafik Handal]]<br/>[[Mynd:Farabundo_Martí_National_Liberation_Front_former_flag.svg|15px]] [[Joaquín Villalobos]]<br/>[[Mynd:Farabundo_Martí_National_Liberation_Front_former_flag.svg|15px]] [[Cayetano Carpio]]<br/>[[Mynd:Farabundo_Martí_National_Liberation_Front_former_flag.svg|15px]] [[Salvador Sánchez Cerén]]
|strength1= 9.850<ref name= Doyle222 /><br/><small>'''(1980)'''</small><br/>39.000<ref name= Doyle222 /> – 51.150<ref name= Gallardo249 /><br/><small>'''(1985)'''</small><br/>63,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://spanish.state.gov/respas/38114.htm|title=Dirección de Asuntos del Hemisferio Occidental: Información general-- El Salvador|date=18. nóvember 2004|publisher=U.S. State Department|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317111453/http://spanish.state.gov/respas/38114.htm|archive-date=17. mars 2014|df=}}</ref><ref>Armed with M16, IMI Galil and G3 assault rifles. Uzi submachine guns. Heavy weapons including artillery and missiles of North American manufacturing and helicopters and fighter jets</ref> – 70.000<ref name="Bounds_2001" /><br/>55.000 regulars<br/>15,000 paramilitaries<br/><small>'''(1992)'''</small>
|strength2= 12.000–15.000<br/><small>'''(1984)'''</small><ref name= Doyle222 >Michael W. Doyle, Ian Johnstone & Robert Cameron Orr (1997). ''Keeping the Peace: Multidimensional UN Operations in Cambodia and El Salvador''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, bls. 222. {{ISBN|978-0-521-58837-9}}.</ref><br/>
6.000–15.000<br/><small>'''(1985)'''</small><ref>Charles Hobday (1986). ''Communist and Marxist parties of the world''. New York: Longman, pp. 323. {{ISBN|978-0-582-90264-0}}.</ref><br/><small>(líklega 10.000)</small><ref name= Gallardo249 >María Eugenia Gallardo & José Roberto López (1986). ''Centroamérica''. San José: IICA-FLACSO, bls. 249. {{ISBN|978-92-9039-110-4}}.</ref><br/>8,000–10,000<br/><small>'''(1992)'''</small><ref>[http://eleconomista.com.mx/columnas/columna-especial-politica/2010/10/13/salvador-30-anos-fmln "El Salvador 30 años del FMLN"]. ''El Economista''. 13. október 2010.</ref><ref>[https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/520/52001601.pdf 2006 – Manuel Guedán – Carta del Director. Un Salvador violento celebra quince años de paz], article in Quorum. ''Journal of Latin American Thought'', winter, number 016, University of Alcala, Madrid, Spain, bls. 6–11</ref><ref>Armed with: [[Assault rifle]] [[AK-47]] and [[M16 rifle|M16]], [[Machine gun]]s [[RPK]] and [[PK machine gun|PKM]] and handmade explosives.</ref>
|casualties1= 7.000 drepnir
|casualties2= 20.000 drepnir<ref>Irvine, Reed and Joseph C. Goulden. "U.S. left's 'big lie' about El Salvador deaths." Human Events (9/15/90): 787.</ref>
|casualties3= 70.000–80.000 drepnir <small>(alls)</small><br/>8,000 disappeared<br/>550.000 hraktir á vergang innanlands<br/>500.000 hraktir úr landi<ref name="Bounds_2001">{{citation |author=Andrews Bounds |date=2001 |series=El Salvador: History |title=South America, Central America and The Caribbean 2002 |edition=10a |location=London |publisher=Routledge |pages=384 |isbn=978-1-85743-121-6}}</ref><ref>Dictionary of Wars, by George Childs Kohn (Facts on File, 1999)</ref><ref>Britannica, 15th edition, 1992 printing</ref>
}}
'''Borgararstríðið í El Salvador''' ([[9. maí]] [[1979]] – [[16. janúar]] [[1992]]) var [[borgarastríð]] á milli ríkisstjórnar [[El Salvador]], sem ríkisstjórn [[Bandaríkin|Bandaríkjanna]] studdi við bakið á bæði með fjárhagsaðstoð og hernaðarlega allt frá upphafi stríðsins, og svo hins vegar FMLN (Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front), sem voru vinstrisinnuð skæruliðasamtök. FMLN urðu til þegar fimm vinstrisinnaðir skæruliðahópar Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí (FPL), Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP), Resistencia Nacional (RN), Partido Comunista Salvadoreño (PCS), Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores Centroamericanos (PRTC) sameinuðust. Kveikjan að uppreisn þeirra var að ríkisstjórn hersins (Junta Revolucionaria de Gobierno) stóð ekki við loforð sitt um að bæta lífsskilyrði í landinu.
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== José Napoleón Duarte Fuentes ==
[[José Napoleón Duarte Fuentes]] (23 nóvember, 1925
== Roberto D'Aubuisson Arrieta ==
[[Roberto D'Aubuisson Arrieta]] (23. ágúst 1944 – 20.
== FMLN ==
[[Þjóðfrelsisfylking Farabundi Martí
FMLN börðust við ríkistjórn El Salvadors í borgarstríðinu. Eftir að friðarsamningurinn á milli FMLN og ríkistjórn El Salvadors voru undirritaðir urðu FMLN að pólitískum flokki og var her samtakanna lagður niður. FMLN er núna einn af tveimur stærstu flokkunum í El Salvador.
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* http://novaonline.nvcc.edu/eli/evans/his135/Events/ElSalvador80/Salvador80.html
==Tilvísanir==
▲[[Flokkur:El Salvador]]
<references/>
[[Flokkur:Borgarastríð]]
[[Flokkur:Saga El Salvador]]
[[Flokkur:Stríð á 20. öld]]
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