„Samkynhneigð“: Munur á milli breytinga

[[Mynd:Lafond Sappho and Homer.jpg|thumb|310px|Hér sést [[Forngrikkir|forngrikkinn]] [[Saffó]] syngja fyrir [[Hómer]], umkringd konum. Saffó var talin samkynhneigð og bjó í eynni ''[[Lesbos]]'', þaðan er orðið ''lesbía'' komið. Málverkið er frá 1824. ]]

 

Samkynhneigð er ásamt [[tvíkynhneigð]] og [[gagnkynhneigð]] ein af þremur helstu flokkum á [[Kynhneigð|kynhneigðarskalanum]]. Ekki er vitað hvað veldur mismunandi [[kynhneigð]] í mönnum, en talið er að það orsakist af samspili [[Gen|erfðaþátta]], [[Hormón|hormóna]], og umhverfisþátta og að fólk hafi ekki val um það.<ref name="Frankowski">{{cite journal|doi=10.1542/peds.113.6.1827|author=Frankowski BL|author2=American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Adolescence|title=Sexual orientation and adolescents|journal=[[Pediatrics (journal)|Pediatrics]]|volume=113|issue=6|pages=1827–32|date=June 2004|pmid=15173519|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/113/6/1827.long}}</ref><ref name="Lamanna">{{cite book|author1=Mary Ann Lamanna|author2=Agnes Riedmann|author3=Susan D Stewart|title=Marriages, Families, and Relationships: Making Choices in a Diverse Society|publisher=[[Cengage Learning]]|isbn=1305176898|year=2014|page=82|accessdate=February 11, 2016|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fofaAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA82|quote=The reason some individuals develop a gay sexual identity has not been definitively established &nbsp;– nor do we yet understand the development of heterosexuality. The American Psychological Association (APA) takes the position that a variety of factors impact a person's sexuality. The most recent literature from the APA says that sexual orientation is not a choice that can be changed at will, and that sexual orientation is most likely the result of a complex interaction of environmental, cognitive and biological factors...is shaped at an early age...[and evidence suggests] biological, including genetic or inborn hormonal factors, play a significant role in a person's sexuality (American Psychological Association 2010).}}</ref><ref name="Stuart">{{cite book|author=Gail Wiscarz Stuart|title=Principles and Practice of Psychiatric Nursing|publisher=[[Elsevier Health Sciences]]|isbn=032329412X|year=2014|page=502|accessdate=February 11, 2016|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ivALBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA502|quote=No conclusive evidence supports any one specific cause of homosexuality; however, most researchers agree that biological and social factors influence the development of sexual orientation.}}</ref> Vísbendingar eru um að umhverfi í [[Þungun|móðurkviði]] ásamt erfðaþáttum geti spilað inn í.<ref name="rcp2007">{{cite web|url=http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/workinpsychiatry/specialinterestgroups/gaylesbian/submissiontothecofe.aspx|title=Submission to the Church of England's Listening Exercise on Human Sexuality|publisher=The Royal College of Psychiatrists|accessdate=13 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="Långström2010">{{Cite journal|last1=Långström|first1=N.|last2=Rahman|first2=Q.|last3=Carlström|first3=E.|last4=Lichtenstein|first4=P.|title=Genetic and Environmental Effects on Same-sex Sexual Behavior: A Population Study of Twins in Sweden|doi=10.1007/s10508-008-9386-1|journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior|volume=39|issue=1|pages=75–80|year=2008|pmid=18536986|pmc=}}</ref> Vísbendingar benda ekki til þess að kynhneigð ráðist af [[uppeldi]].<ref name="rcp20072">{{cite web|url=http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/workinpsychiatry/specialinterestgroups/gaylesbian/submissiontothecofe.aspx|title=Submission to the Church of England's Listening Exercise on Human Sexuality|publisher=The Royal College of Psychiatrists|accessdate=13 June 2013}}</ref> Gagnkynhneigð er algengasta kynhneigðin, en mismunandi kynhneigðir eru nú taldar vera eðlilegur breytileiki innan margra [[Tegund (líffræði)|dýrategunda.]]<ref name="apahelp">{{cite web|title=Sexual orientation, homosexuality and bisexuality|publisher=[[American Psychological Association]]|accessdate=August 10, 2013|url=http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/sexual-orientation.aspx|archivedate=8 August 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130808032050/http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/sexual-orientation.aspx}}</ref><ref name="PAHO">{{cite web|title="Therapies" to change sexual orientation lack medical justification and threaten health|url=http://new.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=6803&Itemid=1926|publisher=Pan American Health Organization|accessdate=26 May 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523040848/http://new.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=6803&Itemid=1926|archivedate=23 May 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[Sálfræðimeðferð|Sálfræðimeðferðir]] og önnur inngrip hafa ekki sýnt að þau geti haft áhrif á kynhneigð.<ref name="apa2009">American Psychological Association: [http://www.apa.org/about/governance/council/policy/sexual-orientation.aspx Resolution on Appropriate Affirmative Responses to Sexual Orientation Distress and Change Efforts]</ref>