Netluætt

ætt blómstrandi plantna
(Endurbeint frá Urticaceae)

Netluætt (fræðiheiti: Urticaceae) er ætt blómstrandi plantna. Ættarheitið kemur frá ættkvíslinni Urtica. Margar tegundir netluættar hafa verið nýttar vegna trefjanna, þar á meðal netlur Urtica, Boehmeria nivea, Pipturus albidus og Debregeasia saeneb.

Netluætt
Urtica dioica
Vísindaleg flokkun
Ríki: Plönturíki (Plantae)
Fylking: Dulfrævingar (Magnoliophyta)
Flokkur: Tvíkímblöðungar (Magnoliopsida)
Ættbálkur: Rósabálkur (Rosales)
Ætt: Netluætt (Urticaceae)
Juss., 1789
Samheiti

Cecropiaceae C. C. Berg[1]

Til ættarinnar teljast um 2625 tegundir í 53 ættkvíslum samkvæmt Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew og Christenhusz og Byng (2016).[2] Stærsta ættkvíslin er Pilea (500 til 715 tegundir), Elatostema (300 tegundir), Urtica (80 tegundir), og Cecropia (75 tegundir). Cecropia er með margar myrmecophyte ("mauraplöntur", sem eru í sambýli við maura).[3]

Ættartré breyta

Ættartré samkvæmt nýjustu erfðagreiningum:[4][5] (sjá einnig [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15])

Moraceae (outgroup)

Urticaceae
Urticeae

Laportea

Obetia

Urera (hluti)

Touchardia

Urera (hluti)

Poikilospermum

Girardinia

Dendrocnide

Discocnide

Nanocnide

Urtica (ásamt Hesperocnide)

Elatostemateae

Procris

Pellionia

Elatostema

Myriocarpa + Gyrotaenia

Lecanthus

Pilea (ásamt Sarcopilea)

Cecropieae

Coussapoa

Myrianthus

Cecropia

Leucosyke

Maoutia

Boehmerieae

Oreocnide

Phenax

Chamabainia

Gonostegia

Pouzolzia (hluti)

Neodistemon

Rousselia

Hemistylus

Pouzolzia (hluti)

Neraudia

Pipturus (ásamt Nothocnide)

Boehmeria (hluti)

Debregeasia

Astrothalamus

Archiboehmeria

Boehmeria (hluti)

Sarcochlamys

Forsskaoleeae

Forsskaolea

Didymodoxa

Droguetia (ásamt Australina)

Parietarieae

Parietaria

Soleirolia

Gesnouinia

Undirættir og ættkvíslir breyta

Myndir breyta

Tilvísanir breyta

  1. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) (17. janúar 2003). „Family: Urticaceae Juss., nom. cons“. Taxonomy for Plants. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Afrit af upprunalegu geymt þann 12. október 2008. Sótt 24. apríl 2008.
  2. Christenhusz, M. J. M., and Byng, J. W. (2016). „The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase“. Phytotaxa. 261 (3): 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1.
  3. Chomicki G, Renner SS. (2015). „Phylogenetics and molecular clocks reveal the repeated evolution of ant-plants after the late Miocene in Africa and the early Miocene in Australasia and the Neotropics“. New Phytologist. 207 (2): 411–424. doi:10.1111/nph.13271. PMID 25616013.
  4. Wu Z-Y, Monro AK, Milne RI, Wang H, Liu J, Li D-Z. (2013). „Molecular phylogeny of the nettle family (Urticaceae) inferred from multiple loci of three genomes and extensive generic sampling“. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 69 (3): 814–827. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.06.022. PMID 23850510.
  5. Wu Z-Y, Milne RI, Chen C-J, Liu J, Wang H, Li D-Z. (2015). „Ancestral state reconstruction reveals rampant homoplasy of diagnostic morphological characters in Urticaceae, conflicting with current classification schemes“. PLoS ONE. 10 (11): e0141821. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0141821. PMC 4631448. PMID 26529598.
  6. Sytsma KJ, Morawetz J, Pires JC, Morden CW. (2000). „Phylogeny of the Urticales based on three molecular data sets, with emphasis on relationships within Urticaceae“. American Journal of Botany. 87 (6): 162.
  7. Sytsma KJ, Morawetz J, Pires C, Nepokroeff M, Conti E, Zjhra M, Hall JC, Chase MW. (2002). „Urticalean rosids: Circumscription, rosid ancestry, and phylogenetics based on rbcL, trnLF, and ndhF sequences“ (PDF). American Journal of Botany. 89 (9): 1531–1546. doi:10.3732/ajb.89.9.1531. PMID 21665755.
  8. Hadiah JT, Quinn CJ, Conn BJ. (2003). „Phylogeny of Elatostema (Urticaceae) using chloroplast DNA data“. Telopea. 10 (1): 235–246. doi:10.7751/telopea20035618.
  9. Datwyler SL, Weiblen G. (2004). „On the origin of the fig: Phylogenetic relationships of Moraceae from ndhF sequences“. American Journal of Botany. 91 (5): 767–777. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.5.767. PMID 21653431. Afrit af upprunalegu geymt þann 13. febrúar 2021. Sótt 30. apríl 2019.
  10. Zerega NJC, Clement WL, Datwyler SL, Weiblen GD. (2005). „Biogeography and divergence times in the mulberry family (Moraceae)“. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 37 (2): 402–416. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.418.1442. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.07.004. PMID 16112884.
  11. Monro AK. (2006). „The revision of species-rich genera: A phylogenetic framework for the strategic revision of Pilea (Urticaceae) based on cpDNA, nrDNA, and morphology“. American Journal of Botany. 93 (3): 426–441. doi:10.3732/ajb.93.3.426. PMID 21646202. Afrit af upprunalegu geymt þann 13. febrúar 2021. Sótt 30. apríl 2019.
  12. Hadiah JT, Conn BJ, Quinn CJ (2008). „Infra-familial phylogeny of Urticaceae, using chloroplast sequence data“. Australian Systematic Botany. 21 (5): 375–385. doi:10.1071/SB08041.
  13. Conn BJ, Hadiah JT (2009). „Nomenclature of tribes within the Urticaceae“. Kew Bulletin. 64 (2): 349–352. doi:10.1007/s12225-009-9108-4. JSTOR 20649663.
  14. Kim C, Deng T, Chase M, Zhang D-G, Nie Z-L, Sun H. (2015). „Generic phylogeny and character evolution in Urticeae (Urticaceae) inferred from nuclear and plastid DNA regions“. Taxon. 64 (1): 65–78. doi:10.12705/641.20. Afrit af upprunalegu geymt þann 1. júní 2018. Sótt 30. apríl 2019.
  15. Treiber EL, Gaglioti EL, Romaniuc-Neto S, Madriñán S, Weiblen GD. (2016). „Phylogeny of the Cecropieae (Urticaceae) and the evolution of an ant–plant mutualism“. Systematic Botany. 41 (1): 56–66. doi:10.1600/036364416X690633. PMC 4103470.
  16. Deng Tao, Kim C, Zhang D-G, Zhang J-W, Li Z-M, Nie Z-L, Sun H. (2013). Zhengyia shennongensis: A new bulbiliferous genus and species of the nettle family (Urticaceae) from central China exhibiting parallel evolution of the bulbil trait“. Taxon. 62 (1): 89–99. JSTOR 24389315. Afrit af upprunalegu geymt þann 20. janúar 2018. Sótt 30. apríl 2019.

Viðbótarlesning breyta

  • Pignatti, Sandro (1982). Flora d'Italia (ítalska). Bologna: Edagricole. ISBN 978-88-506-2449-2.
  • Friis, Ib (1989). Urticaceae. Flora of tropical East Africa. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema and the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 978-90-6191-352-8.

Tenglar breyta

 
Wikilífverur eru með efni sem tengist
   Þessi líffræðigrein er stubbur. Þú getur hjálpað til með því að bæta við greinina.