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5.394 breytingar
m r2.7.2) (Vélmenni: Bæti við: chy:Véhone-ma'kaata
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{{Frumefni
|uppi=Silfur
|niðri=Röntgenín
|vinstri=Platína
|hægri=Kvikasilfur
|Mynd = Gold-crystals.jpg|
Efnatákn = Au|
Sætistala = 79|
Efnaflokkur = [[Hliðarmálmur]]|
Eðlismassi = 19300|
Harka = 2,5|
Atómmassi = 196,96655|
Bræðslumark = 1337,33|
Suðumark = 3129|
Efnisástand = Fast form}}
 
'''Gull''' er [[frumefni]] með [[efnatákn]]ið '''Au''' ([[latína]]: ''aurum'') og er númer 79 í [[lotukerfið|lotukerfinu]].
Þetta er [[mýkt|mjúkur]], [[gljáandi]], [[gulur]], [[þyngd|þungur]], hamranlegur og linur [[hliðarmálmur]] sem er ónæmur gegn flestum efnum en hægt er að vinna á honum með [[klór]], [[flúor]] og [[kóngavatn]]i. Gull finnst sem [[gullmoli|molar]] eða sem gullkorn í grjóti og í [[árset]]i. Gull er einn af [[myntmálmur|myntmálmunum]].
 
Gull var áður fyrr notað sem [[gullfótur|seðlafótur]] margra þjóða og er einnig notað í [[skartgripur|skartgripagerð]], [[tannlækningar]], og í [[rafeindavara|rafeindavörur]]. [[ISO 4217|ISO gjaldmiðilstákn]] þess er '''XAU'''.
 
Gull er æðstu verðlaun á [[íþróttamót]]um, en annað sætið færir [[silfur]] og það þriðja [[brons]]. Orðið ''gull'' (í fleirtölu) var áður fyrr notað yfir [[leikfang|barnaleikföng]].
 
== Saga og notkun ==
Gull er aðlaðandi og mjög verðmætur málmur, sem þekkst hefur í a.m.k. 5500 [[ár]]. Gull finnst stundum sjálfstætt í náttúrunni en finnst þó venjulega í sambandi við [[silfur]], [[kvars]] (SiO2), [[kalsít]] (CaCO3), [[blý]], [[tellúr]], [[sink]] eða [[kopar]]. Gróflega áætlað er um 1 [[millígramm]] af gulli uppleyst í hverju [[tonn]]i af [[sjór|sjó]], en vinnsla á því úr sjó myndi þó ekki svara kostnaði. Áætlað hefur verið að hægt væri að koma öllu gulli sem þegar hefur verið hreinsað, fyrir í [[teningur|tening]] sem væri 20 [[metri|metrar]] á kant.
 
Gull er mótanlegast og teygjanlegast allra málma. Eina [[únsa|únsu]] af gulli er hægt að fletja út í þynnu sem er um 5 metrar á kant. Þynnur af gulli eru notaðar í gyllingu handverks og [[list]]muna. Þykkt einnar slíkrar þynnu getur verið um 0,000127 [[millimetri|millimetrar]], eða um 400 sinnum þynnri en manns[[hár]].<br />
 
Hreint gull er lint og er venjulega blandað saman við aðra málma eins og [[silfur]], [[kopar]], [[platína|platínu]] eða [[palladíum]] til að auka styrkleika þess. Gullblöndur eru notaðar til framleiðslu [[skartgripur|skartgripa]] og skrautmuna, í [[tannfylling]]ar og í smá[[mynt]]. Magn gulls í málmblöndu er mælt með mælieiningu sem nefnist [[karat]]. Eitt karat samsvarar 1 hluta af 24, þannig að í 18 karata gullhring eru 18 hlutar af hreinu gulli og 6 hlutar af íblöndunarefnum.
 
Gull er góður [[leiðari]] [[hiti|hita]] og [[rafmagn]]s og tærist ekki í [[andrúmsloft]]i. Því er hægt að nota gull í [[rafmagnstengill|rafmagnstengla]] og [[rafrás]]ir. Gull endurspeglar einnig [[innrauð geislun|innrauðri geislun]] mjög vel, sem gerir það nothæft til varnar [[geimflaug]]um og [[skýjakljúfur|skýjakljúfum]] gegn hita [[sólin|sólarinnar]]. Hægt er að nota gyllta spegla til framleiðslu [[sjónauki|sjónauka]] sem næmir eru fyrir innrauðu ljósi.
 
{{commons|Category:Gold|gulli}}
 
[[Geislavirkni|Geislavirk]] samsæta gulls (<sup>198</sup>Au) er notuð við [[geislameðferð]] gegn [[krabbamein]]i. Gull-natríum-þíósúlfat (AuNa<sub>3</sub>O<sub>6</sub>S<sub>4</sub>) er notað í meðferð við [[gigt]]. Gullklórsýra (HAuCl<sub>4</sub>) er notuð til varðveislu [[ljósmynd]]a með því að skipta út silfuratómunum sem þegar eru til staðar í ljósmyndum.
 
== Tenglar ==
{{Wikiorðabók|gull}}
* {{Vísindavefurinn|1825|Hvað er hreint gull mörg karöt?}}
* {{Vísindavefurinn|2178|Er hreint gull (24 karöt) notað í eitthvað?}}
* {{Vísindavefurinn|6242|Af hverju er gull svo verðmætt?}}
 
[[Flokkur:Hliðarmálmar]]
 
{{Tengill GG|de}}
{{Tengill GG|zh}}
 
[[ace:Meuih]]
[[af:Goud]]
[[am:ወርቅ]]
[[an:Oro]]
[[ang:Gold]]
[[ar:ذهب]]
[[arc:ܕܗܒܐ]]
[[arz:دهب]]
[[ast:Oru]]
[[ay:Quri]]
[[az:Qızıl]]
[[ba:Алтын]]
[[bar:Goid]]
[[bat-smg:Auksos]]
[[bcl:Bulawan]]
[[be:Золата]]
[[be-x-old:Золата]]
[[bg:Злато]]
[[bjn:Amas]]
[[bn:সোনা]]
[[br:Aour]]
[[bs:Zlato]]
[[ca:Or]]
[[chr:ᎠᏕᎸ ᏓᎶᏂᎨ]]
[[chy:Véhone-ma'kaata]]
[[ckb:زێڕ]]
[[co:Oru]]
[[cs:Zlato]]
[[cv:Ылтăн]]
[[cy:Aur]]
[[da:Guld]]
[[de:Gold]]
[[diq:Zern]]
[[el:Χρυσός]]
[[en:Gold]]
[[eo:Oro]]
[[es:Oro]]
[[et:Kuld]]
[[eu:Urre]]
[[ext:Oru]]
[[fa:طلا]]
[[fi:Kulta]]
[[fiu-vro:Kuld]]
[[fr:Or]]
[[fur:Aur]]
[[fy:Goud]]
[[ga:Ór]]
[[gan:金]]
[[gd:Òr]]
[[gl:Ouro]]
[[gn:Kuarepotiju]]
[[gu:સોનું]]
[[gv:Airh]]
[[hak:Kîm]]
[[he:זהב]]
[[hi:सोना]]
[[hif:Sona]]
[[hr:Zlato]]
[[ht:Lò]]
[[hu:Arany]]
[[hy:Ոսկի]]
[[ia:Auro]]
[[id:Emas]]
[[io:Oro]]
[[it:Oro]]
[[ja:金]]
[[jbo:solji]]
[[jv:Emas]]
[[ka:ოქრო]]
[[kg:Wolo]]
[[kk:Алтын]]
[[kl:Kuulti]]
[[kn:ಚಿನ್ನ]]
[[ko:금]]
[[koi:Зарни]]
[[ks:سۄن]]
[[ksh:Jold]]
[[ku:Zêr]]
[[kv:Зарни]]
[[la:Aurum]]
[[lb:Gold]]
[[lbe:Муси]]
[[lez:Къизил]]
[[li:Goud]]
[[lij:Öo]]
[[ln:Wólo]]
[[lt:Auksas]]
[[lv:Zelts]]
[[mdf:Зирня]]
[[mg:Volamena]]
[[mk:Злато]]
[[ml:സ്വർണം]]
[[mn:Алт]]
[[mr:सोने]]
[[mrj:Шӧртньӹ]]
[[ms:Emas]]
[[mwl:Ouro]]
[[my:ရွှေ]]
[[myv:Сырне]]
[[nah:Cōztic teōcuitlatl]]
[[nds:Gold]]
[[ne:सुन]]
[[new:लुं]]
[[nl:Goud]]
[[nn:Gull]]
[[no:Gull]]
[[nov:Ore]]
[[nrm:Or]]
[[nv:Óola]]
[[oc:Aur]]
[[os:Сызгъæрин]]
[[pa:ਸੋਨਾ]]
[[pam:Gintu]]
[[pap:Oro]]
[[pl:Złoto]]
[[pnb:سونا]]
[[pt:Ouro]]
[[qu:Quri]]
[[rm:Aur]]
[[ro:Aur]]
[[ru:Золото]]
[[rue:Золото]]
[[sa:सुवर्णम्]]
[[sah:Көмүс]]
[[scn:Oru]]
[[sco:Gowd]]
[[sh:Zlato]]
[[simple:Gold]]
[[sk:Zlato]]
[[sl:Zlato]]
[[sq:Ari]]
[[sr:Злато]]
[[stq:Gould]]
[[sv:Guld]]
[[sw:Dhahabu]]
[[ta:தங்கம்]]
[[te:బంగారం]]
[[tg:Зар]]
[[th:ทองคำ]]
[[tl:Ginto]]
[[tr:Altın]]
[[tt:Алтын]]
[[ug:ئالتۇن]]
[[uk:Золото]]
[[ur:سونا]]
[[uz:Oltin]]
[[vec:Oro]]
[[vep:Kuld]]
[[vi:Vàng]]
[[wa:Ôr]]
[[war:Bulawan]]
[[wuu:金]]
[[xal:Алтн]]
[[yi:גאלד]]
[[yo:Wúrà]]
[[za:Gim]]
[[zh:金]]
[[zh-classical:金]]
[[zh-min-nan:Kim]]
[[zh-yue:金]]
[[zu:Igolide]]
Sótt frá „https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gull“