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Lýsing

Lýsing
English: Diffusion from a microscopic and macroscopic point of view. Initially, there are solute molecules on the left side of a barrier (magenta line) and none on the right. The barrier is removed, and the solute diffuses to fill the whole container. Top: A single molecule moves around randomly. Middle: With more molecules, there is a clear trend where the solute fills the container more and more evenly. Bottom: With an enormous number of solute molecules, the randomness is gone: The solute appears to move smoothly and systematically from high-concentration areas to low-concentration areas, following Fick's laws. Image is made in Mathematica, source code below.
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Uppruni eigin skrá
Höfundarréttarhafi Sbyrnes321

Leyfisupplýsingar:

Public domain I, the copyright holder of this work, release this work into the public domain. This applies worldwide.
In some countries this may not be legally possible; if so:
I grant anyone the right to use this work for any purpose, without any conditions, unless such conditions are required by law.

<< Mathematica source code >>

(* Source code written in Mathematica 6.0, by Steve Byrnes, 2010.
I release this code into the public domain. Sorry it's messy...email me any questions. *)

(*Particle simulation*)
SeedRandom[1];
NumParticles = 70;
xMax = 0.7;
yMax = 0.2;
xStartMax = 0.5;
StepDist = 0.04;
InitParticleCoordinates = Table[{RandomReal[{0, xStartMax}], RandomReal[{0, yMax}]}, {i, 1, NumParticles}];
StayInBoxX[x_] := If[x < 0, -x, If[x > xMax, 2 xMax - x, x]];
StayInBoxY[y_] := If[y < 0, -y, If[y > yMax, 2 yMax - y, y]];
StayInBoxXY[xy_] := {StayInBoxX[xy[[1]]], StayInBoxY[xy[[2]]]};
StayInBarX[x_] := If[x < 0, -x, If[x > xStartMax, 2 xStartMax - x, x]];
StayInBarY[y_] := If[y < 0, -y, If[y > yMax, 2 yMax - y, y]];
StayInBarXY[xy_] := {StayInBarX[xy[[1]]], StayInBarY[xy[[2]]]};
MoveAStep[xy_] := StayInBoxXY[xy + {RandomReal[{-StepDist, StepDist}], RandomReal[{-StepDist, StepDist}]}];
MoveAStepBar[xy_] := StayInBarXY[xy + {RandomReal[{-StepDist, StepDist}], RandomReal[{-StepDist, StepDist}]}];
NextParticleCoordinates[ParticleCoords_] := MoveAStep /@ ParticleCoords;
NextParticleCoordinatesBar[ParticleCoords_] := MoveAStepBar /@ ParticleCoords;
NumFramesBarrier = 10;
NumFramesNoBarrier = 50;
NumFrames = NumFramesBarrier + NumFramesNoBarrier;
ParticleCoordinatesTable = Table[0, {i, 1, NumFrames}];
ParticleCoordinatesTable[[1]] = InitParticleCoordinates;
For[i = 2, i <= NumFrames, i++,
  If[i <= NumFramesBarrier,
   ParticleCoordinatesTable[[i]] = NextParticleCoordinatesBar[ParticleCoordinatesTable[[i - 1]]], 
   ParticleCoordinatesTable[[i]] = NextParticleCoordinates[ParticleCoordinatesTable[[i - 1]]]];];

(*Plot full particle simulation*)
makeplotbar[ParticleCoord_] := 
  ListPlot[{ParticleCoord, {{xStartMax, 0}, {xStartMax, yMax}}}, Frame -> True, Axes -> False,
   PlotRange -> {{0, xMax}, {0, yMax}}, Joined -> {False, True}, PlotStyle -> {PointSize[.03], Thick},
   AspectRatio -> yMax/xMax, FrameTicks -> None];

makeplot[ParticleCoord_] := 
 ListPlot[ParticleCoord, Frame -> True, Axes -> False, PlotRange -> {{0, xMax}, {0, yMax}}, Joined -> False, 
  PlotStyle -> PointSize[.03], AspectRatio -> yMax/xMax, FrameTicks -> None]

ParticlesPlots = 
  Join[Table[makeplotbar[ParticleCoordinatesTable[[i]]], {i, 1, NumFramesBarrier}], 
   Table[makeplot[ParticleCoordinatesTable[[i]]], {i, NumFramesBarrier + 1, NumFrames}]];

(*Plot just the first particle in the list...Actually the fifth particle looks better. *) 
FirstParticleTable = {#[[5]]} & /@ ParticleCoordinatesTable;

FirstParticlePlots = 
  Join[Table[makeplotbar[FirstParticleTable[[i]]], {i, 1, NumFramesBarrier}], 
   Table[makeplot[FirstParticleTable[[i]]], {i, NumFramesBarrier + 1, NumFrames}]];


(* Continuum solution *)

(* I can use the simple diffusion-on-an-infinite-line formula, as long as I correctly periodically replicate the
initial condition. Actually just computed nearest five replicas in each direction, that was a fine approximation. *)

(* k = diffusion coefficient, visually matched to simulation. *)
k = .0007; 
u[x_, t_] := If[t == 0, If[x <= xStartMax, 1, 0], 1/2 Sum[
     Erf[(x - (-xStartMax + 2 n xMax))/Sqrt[4 k t]] - Erf[(x - (xStartMax + 2 n xMax))/Sqrt[4 k t]], {n, -5, 5}]];

ContinuumPlots = Join[
   Table[Show[
     DensityPlot[1 - u[x, 0], {x, 0, xMax}, {y, 0, yMax}, 
      ColorFunctionScaling -> False, AspectRatio -> yMax/xMax, 
      FrameTicks -> None],
     ListPlot[{{xStartMax, 0}, {xStartMax, yMax}}, Joined -> True, 
      PlotStyle -> {Thick, Purple}]],
    {i, 1, NumFramesBarrier}],
   Table[
    DensityPlot[1 - u[x, tt], {x, 0, xMax}, {y, 0, yMax}, 
     ColorFunctionScaling -> False, AspectRatio -> yMax/xMax, 
     FrameTicks -> None],
    {tt, 1, NumFramesNoBarrier}]];

(*Combine and export *)

TogetherPlots = 
  Table[GraphicsGrid[{{FirstParticlePlots[[i]]}, {ParticlesPlots[[i]]}, {ContinuumPlots[[i]]}},
   Spacings -> Scaled[0.2]], {i, 1, NumFrames}];

Export["test.gif", Join[TogetherPlots, Table[Graphics[], {i, 1, 5}]], 
 "DisplayDurations" -> {10}, "AnimationRepititions" -> Infinity ]

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Smelltu á dagsetningu eða tímasetningu til að sjá hvernig hún leit þá út.

Dagsetning/TímiSmámyndVíddirNotandiAthugasemd
núverandi7. mars 2012 kl. 13:41Smámynd útgáfunnar frá 7. mars 2012, kl. 13:41360 × 300 (402 KB)Dratini0Just removed the white last fram for aesthetic purposes, and prologed the display time of the last frame to mark the reatart of the animation.
25. mars 2010 kl. 19:37Smámynd útgáfunnar frá 25. mars 2010, kl. 19:37360 × 300 (402 KB)AiyizoOptimized animation, converted to 256 color mode
16. janúar 2010 kl. 09:57Smámynd útgáfunnar frá 16. janúar 2010, kl. 09:57360 × 300 (529 KB)Sbyrnes321sped up bottom panel to match better with middle panel
16. janúar 2010 kl. 09:46Smámynd útgáfunnar frá 16. janúar 2010, kl. 09:46360 × 300 (508 KB)Sbyrnes321{{Information |Description={{en|1=Diffusion from a microscopic and macroscopic point of view. Initially, there are solute molecules on the left side of a barrier (purple line) and none on the right. The barrier is removed, and the solute diffuses to fill

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